How to form the past tense (Passé composé) in French

Passé composé is a complex past tense that expresses a fully completed action and is the most common past tense in modern spoken French. 

The "passé composé" is formed with the auxiliary verbs "avoir" and "être" in the present tense (présent).

The verb "avoir" is used with verbs of the 1st group (ending -er), of the 2nd group (ending -ir) and with irregular verbs of the 3rd group (ending -dre, -oir, -ttre, -ir, - ompre , -aincre, etc.)

Examples of the formation of the passé composé with the auxiliary verb avoir:

1) Verbs ending in -er, first group

J'ai acheté une maison - I bought a house.

Tu as trouvé le téléphone portable - you found a mobile phone.

Il a commencé à apprendre le français - he began to learn French.

Nous avons regardé un film - we watched a film.

Vous avez décidé de venir - you decided to come.

Ils ont téléphoné à l'école du français Montparnasse - they called the French school Montparnasse.

2) Verbs in -ir, second group

J'ai choisi cette université - I chose this university.

Tu as fini ton travail - you finished your work.

Elle a réussi l'examen - she passed the exam.

Nous avons rempli le formulaire - we filled the form.

Vous avez grandi en France - you grew up in France.

Elles ont défini les règles importantes à suivre - they defined important rules to follow.

3) Examples of irregular verbs of group 3:

J'ai pris une décision - I made a decision

Tu as écrit une livre - you wrote a book

Il a compris la phrase - he understood this phrase

Nous avons appris le français à l'école Montparnasse - we learned French at the Montparnasse school

Vous avez mis la chemise - you put on a shirt

Ils ont traduit le poème - they translated this poem

J'ai vendu ma maison - I sold my house

Tu as bu une tasse de thé - you drank a cup of tea

Elle a pu résoudre ce problème - she was able to cope with this problem

Nous avons répondu à votre lettre - we replied to your letter

Vous avez perdu le stylo - you lost the pen

Elles ont entendu la musique - they heard the music

Also, when forming a praze in past "passé composé", the auxiliary verb - "être" is used. The verb "être" is conjugated with such intransitive verbs as: aller, venir (devenir, revenir..), partir, arriver, entrer, rentrer, sortir, monter, descendre, retourner, passer (=aller), tomber, rester, demeurer (=rester), naître, mourir (shown in the illustration to this publication in order to remember).

It is important to remember that the "participe passé" of verbs that are conjugated in the passé composé with the auxiliary verb "être" agrees in gender and number with the subject. Example:

Je suis revenu tard à la maison - I came home late

Tu es arrivé à l'école Montparnasse - you arrived to the Montparnasse school

Il est né en 1996 - he was born in 1996

Elle est tombée malade - she became ill

Nous sommes devenus les meilleurs amis - we became best friends

Vous êtes montés à pied - you went up on foot

Ils sont entrés dans la salle - they entered the auditorium

Elles sont venues nous remercier - they came to thank us

It is important to note that when there is a direct object, the above-mentioned verbs (monter, passer, rentrer, descendre, demeurer, sortir, retourner, etc.) are conjugated with the auxiliary verb "avoir".

Example:

J'ai passé les vacances en Ukraine - I spent the holidays in Ukraine

Il a monté sa valise dans le bus - he put his suitcase in the bus

All pronominal verbs are conjugated with the auxiliary verb “être” , for example:

Je me suis levé tard - I woke up late

Tu t'es couché à 22 heures - you went to bed at 10 p.m

Il s'est reposé à la maison - he rested at home

Elle s'est préparée pour l'examen - she studied (prepared) for the exam

Nous nous sommes dépêchés - we were in a hurry

Vous vous êtes servis de votre téléphone portable - you used your mobile phone

Ils se sont rencontrés en France - they met in France

Elles se sont perdues dans la forêt - they are lost in the forest

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